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1·In their preliminary design, an astronaut is strapped into the seat of a machine that resembles an exercise bike.

在他们的初步设计中，宇航员被绑在一个类似于健身自行车的机器座位上。

2·A systems requirements review (SRR), preliminary design review (PDR), and critical design review (CDR).

系统需求检查(systems requirements review, SRR)，初步设计检查(preliminary design review, PDR)，和关键设计检查(critical design review, CDR)。

3·In the preliminary design stage, the designer emphatically considered the product should have function.

初步设计阶段，设计者着重考虑产品应该具有的功能。

4·Ship piping system design has five consecutive phases: preliminary design, detail design, production engineering, and system-support information.

船舶管系设计由五个连续的阶段组成：初步设计、功能设计、详细设计、生产设计和系统支持信息。

5·To make its case, RKK Energia took the unusual step - at a preliminary design stage - of ordering the construction of an experimental propulsion system.

为了证明自己的设计有道理，安吉亚太空公司走了非同寻常的一步：在初步设计阶段，定制建设了试验性的推进系统。

6·Then, by using the results of the analyses, the preliminary design of the implementation of SEND protocol and its extension on a LINUX system is proposed.

根据分析结果，论文中提出了对于SEND协议及其扩展的实现的概要设计，分别描述了主机节点以及路由器节点上的系统框图以及状态转移图。

7·Design: Ideal Functional Diagram, Site Related Functional Diagram, Concept Plan, Form Composition Study, Preliminary Design, Total Design, Detailed Design.

设计：理想的功能分析图，场地相关功能分析图，设计草图，构图研究，初步设计，总体设计，详细设计。

8·One of calculation methods for general heat balance of gas turbine with larger cooling air flow (as close to 20%) during preliminary design is described here.

本文叙述了总冷却空气量较大时(如接近20%等级)的燃气轮机初步设计时总体热平衡计算的一个方法。

9·For the specific use case we figure out the problem, write the use case, analyse it to figure out what we need to be thinking about, and do some preliminary design.

对于具体的用例，我们弄清问题、撰写用例、分析找出我们需要考虑的内容，并且做一些初步的设计。

10·A successful designer, should consider in the preliminary design various aspects factor, and the question which possibly produces after the institute prepares.

一个成功的设计者，在初步设计中就应考虑到各方面因素，并为之后所可能产生的问题做好准备。