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1·Politeness; Positive Politeness Strategies; Negative Politeness Strategies; Gender Variation; Chinese Culture;

礼貌； 正面礼貌策略； 负面礼貌策略； 性别差异； 汉文化；

2·All these pragmatic functions conveyed by tag questions could be explained as either negative or positive politeness strategies.

这些功能可以被认为是实现了积极礼貌策略或消极礼貌策略。

3·Through the analyses of the strategies of positive politeness, negative politeness and off-record, the author suggests that such strategies should be used tactfully according to different situations.

通过对礼貌的概念及运用的研究，文章分析了如何使用英语礼貌语言中留面子的种种不同策略，分别达到积极礼貌以及消极礼貌的目的。

4·In specific contexts, tag questions act as the realization of politeness strategies to mitigate face-threatening ACTS and attend the hearers' positive face or negative face.

在特定语境下，附加疑问句作为礼貌策略的一种实现形式，减轻面子威胁行为并且照顾到听话人的积极或消极面子。