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1·But in the late nineteenth century, that panoply of possibilities began to fall away with the arrival of a totally new kind of material - celluloid, the first man-made plastic.

但到了十九世纪末，那种盛况随着一种全新材料的兴起而衰落，这就是赛璐珞，第一种人工合成的塑料。

2·The racks, as tall as a man, were invented in the nineteenth century to solve the problem of the sediment that forms in the bottle as a result of fermentation.

这些木架子被称作“人字型酒架”，是在19世纪时发明出来的，为的是解决香槟酒因发酵而在瓶内形成沉淀的问题。