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1·Epigenetic processes are chemical reactions tied to neither nature nor nurture but representing what researchers have called a third component.

表观遗传过程是一种化学反应，与天生和后天培养都没有关系，但它代表了研究人员所说的“第三种成分”。

2·Other epigenetic processes appear to occur randomly, while others are normal, such as those that guide embryonic cells as they become heart, brain, or liver cells, for example.

其他的表观遗传过程似乎是随机发生的，而其他过程则是正常的，比如那些引导胚胎细胞成为心脏、大脑或肝细胞的过程。

3·Studies of animals, for example, have shown that when a rat experiences stress during pregnancy, it can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus that lead to behavioral problems as the rodent grows up.

例如，对动物的研究表明，老鼠在怀孕期间经历压力会导致胎儿表观遗传发生变化，进而导致啮齿动物在成长过程中出现行为问题。

4·When animals are cloned, epigenetic changes can occur.

克隆动物后，表观遗传的变化就会发生。

5·And drinking and smoking can have epigenetic effects in offspring.

吸烟酗酒也会对子女产生外遗传影响。

6·Unlike the human genome, however, the epigenetic code hasn't been mapped.

与人类基因组不同，这种次生的密码至今还未被绘出图谱。

7·Free radicals provide a very good case study of how epigenetic processes play out.

自由基为研究表观遗传过程的发生提供了很好的例子。

8·Epigenetic changes represent a biological response to an environmental stressor.

外基因改变是受环境压力后的生物反应。

9·Such epigenetic mechanisms permit a common genotype to producemultiple possible phenotypes.

像这样的后生性机制允许普通基因型产生多种可能的显型。

10·And yet even if epigenetic inheritance doesn't last forever, it can be hugely powerful.

即使外基因干预不能永久遗传，其巨大能量不容小觑。