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1·There are mostly two models in attitude measurement: cumulative model and unfolding model.

态度测量主要应用两种模型：累进型与展开型。

2·Generalized Graded Unfolding model (GGUM) is an IRT model developed to solve this problem in personality.

广义等级展开模型GGUM就是针对这一机制提出来的。