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1·The author thinks that crime cost is consist of material cost, non-material cost and penalty cost.

笔者认为，犯罪成本由物质性成本、物质性成本及惩罚性成本构成。

2·In order to achieve the efficiency of penalty, the key step is an appropriate input of penalty cost, optimizing the allocation of penalty cost resources.

要实现刑罚的效率，关键是使投入的刑罚成本恰到好处，同时刑罚成本资源间的配置达到最优组合。

3·Over the lease period, the lessor undertakes penalty cost when failures occurred to the leased equipment and when such failures are not rectified within specified time limits.

在租赁期内，出租人租出的设备因发生故障或发生故障后在规定的时间内没有及时完成维修，而要承担惩罚成本。

4·San Diego's municipal code, for instance, requires property owners to maintain landscape and vegetation standards—or face a penalty equivalent to the cost of hiring a private contractor to do so.

例如，圣地亚哥的市政法规要求业主保持景观和植被的标准，否则将面临相当于雇佣私人承包商的罚款。

5·San Diego's municipal code, for instance, requires property owners to maintain landscape and vegetation standards—or face a penalty equivalent to the cost of hiring a private contractor to do so.

例如，圣地亚哥的市政法规要求业主保持景观和植被的标准，否则将面临与雇佣私人承包商来这样做成本相当的罚款。

6·Cost-conscious factory managers will generally tolerate pollution up to the point where the expected penalty for pollution becomes greater than the cost of controlling emissions.

具有成本意识的企业经营者对污染的容忍程度一般是在对污染的预期处罚超过控制排放的成本范围内。

7·In addition it is a waste of engine capacity and a capital cost penalty to carry unused power potential.

同时也是对主机容量的浪费，和未使用马力带来的资本成本。

8·As more advanced JVMs have emerged, the cost of synchronization has decreased, but there is still a performance penalty for entering and leaving a synchronized method or block.

随着更高级的JVM的出现，同步的代价降低了，但出入synchronized方法或块仍然有性能损失。

9·That cost penalty has had an increasingly corrosive effect on the Big Three's ability to compete.

这种成本劣势已经对三大巨头的竞争力产生了越来越严重的恶劣影响。

10·As you can see, there is little CPU penalty to maintaining the index (1 percent in our test case), but a heavy search cost of 20 percent CPU usage.

可以看到，只需要很少的CPU资源来维护索引(在我们的测试用例中是1%)，但是却需要使用高达20%的CPU资源进行搜索。