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1·Objective: to explore the causes of constipation by displaying the functional and anatomic abnormalities of continuity between anal canal and rectum with defecography.

目的通过便秘患者的排粪造影资料显示其肛管直肠形态及功能，寻找便秘原因。

2·Though the two terms are often used interchangeably, the colon technically excludes the cecum (a pouch at the Beginning of the large intestine), rectum, and anal canal.

虽然结肠和大肠常交替使用，但一般结肠不包含盲肠、直肠和肛管等部分。

3·Objective To explore the nursing approach of photodynamic therapy(PDT) of perianal/anal canal condyloma acuminatum with topical adminstration of 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA).

目的探讨5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法治疗肛周-肛管尖锐湿疣患者的护理方法。