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1·If the latter, then, a horizontal gene transfer from species to species seemed the most probable explanation.

如果是后者，那么，物种之间的基因水平转移似乎成了最有可能的解释。

2·Horizontal gene transfer, which was just beginning to find acceptance then, has become an established issue today.

水准的基因转移，这然后开始找到接受，今天已经成为一个建立的问题。

3·Horizontal gene transfer is an important evolutionary mechanism in prokaryotic genome evolution and has been widely studied.

在原核生物的进化过程中，基因的横向转移是一个重要的进化机制。

4·Horizontal gene transfer is the gene exchange between different organisms or different organelles, which occurs frequently in prokaryotes.

基因水平转移是不同物种之间或细胞器间基因的交流。

5·Generally, antibiotic resistance is spread through a process called horizontal gene transfer, the simple passing of genes from one individual to another.

一般来说，抗生素抗性的传播是通过一个叫做水平基因转移的过程实现的，就是基因从一个个体转移到另一个个体的过程。

6·The new mathematical results allow calculation of this mechanism when the fitness function and the mutation, recombination and horizontal gene transfer rates are known.

当适应度函数和突变、重组及水平基因转移率已知时，该项新的数学上的结果可以使这一机制运算化。

7·The incongruent phylogenies of the genes studied suggest that horizontal gene transfer and recombination shape mesorhizobial populations in the gene center of the host plants.

不同基因的系统发育树的不一致之处显示出在黄芪根瘤菌的进化过程中存在基因的水平传递和基因重组。

8·They are not toxicological studies, which would involve analysing the animal tissue for toxic effects, or studies of other safety aspects such as the rate of horizontal gene transfer.

它们不是毒理学研究。毒理学研究涉及分析动物组织研究毒性作用，或其他安全方面的研究，如横向基因转移率。

9·Transformation, conjugation, and transduction are the main forms of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes, but no clear clue was related with the mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotes.

原核生物基因水平转移的主要方式有转化、接合和转导，真核生物中水平转移发生方式尚不清楚。

10·This is the first proven case of the horizontal transfer of a gene with known function from the nucleus of one higher plant to another.

这是一个已知功能的基因从一个高等植物的细胞核水平（横向）转移到另外一个高等植物细胞核的第一被证明的案例。