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1·A tax on upstream carbon sources is one easy way to put a price on carbon emissions, although some countries may wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes.

对上游碳资源征税是为碳排放定价的一种简单方法，尽管一些国家可能希望使用其他方法，例如碳排放交易计划。

2·Another method is the emissions trading system.

另一种方法是排污权交易制度。

3·Even India and China have adopted versions of carbon taxes or emissions trading.

即使是印度和中国也已实行了其它形式的碳排放税或污染物排放交易细则。

4·Critics of emissions trading will undoubtedly say the US is better off without it.

毫无疑问，排放交易计划的批评者会说，美国最好不搞这个。

5·EMISSIONS trading, says Ian Johnson of IDEAcarbon, a research firm, is not an easy concept to understand.

IDEAcarbon(一个研究公司)的Ian Johnson说，排污权交易这个概念不容易理解。

6·Although it is not yet common in North America, emissions trading has been gaining popularity in parts of Europe.

尽管排污权交易在北美还不普遍，但在欧洲一些地区却非常受欢迎。

7·The European emissions trading scheme, which will affect large European manufacturers from next January, is already starting to bite.

欧洲油气交易方案将于明年一月生效，届时会影响到大量欧洲大生产商，其影响现在就已经开始了。

8·The emissions trading rules, which already apply to heavily-polluting industries such as energy companies, will apply to airlines from January 2012.

碳减排计划，在像能源企业这样的重污染工业早已实施。

9·Two of them plan to auction all the permits, unlike the countries in the European Union's Emissions Trading Scheme, which handed them out for nothing.

其中2个州采取的方式与欧盟排放交易计划的无偿分配方式不同，他们选择以竞拍形式发放配额。

10·Current carbon pricing schemes, such as the European emissions trading scheme, are a good start, but they leave out too many sectors, and permits are too cheap.

目前的碳定价机制(例如欧洲的碳排放交易机制)是一个良好的开端，但它们遗漏了太多的行业，而且排放许可的价格过低。