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1·The paper explains the working environment and wear mechanism of valve retainer. The key factors for superior valve retainer quality are the proper material selection and reasonable part design.

阐述了气门座圈的工作环境和磨损机理，高品质气门座圈的关键在于恰当的材料选择和零件的合理设计。

2·Remove valve spring and retainer.

拆卸阀弹簧和扣件。

3·Valve Guide, Valve Seat, Valve Lock, Valve Spring Retainer, Casting Products.

气门导管，气门座圈，气门锁片，气门弹簧座，铸件系列。