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1·Chronic exposure to Cd mainly causes the renal proximal tubule damage, which represents that the excretion of proteinuria, glucosuria and aminoaciduria.

慢性接触镉主要引起肾小管损伤，表现为蛋白尿、糖尿和氨基酸尿。

2·Chronic exposure to Cd mainly causes the renal proximal tubule damage, which represents that the excretion of proteinuria, glucosuria, aminoaciduria, enzymaticuria and urinary cadmium increase.

慢性接触镉主要引起肾小管损伤，表现为蛋白尿、糖尿、氨基酸尿、酶尿及尿镉排出量明显增加等。