全部

1·The central state, though often very rich and very populous, was intrinsically fragile, since the development of new international trade routes could undermine the monetary base and erode state power.

尽管中央帝国通常非常富有和人口稠密，它本质上是很脆弱的，因为新的国际贸易路线的发展可能会破坏货币基础和侵蚀国家权力。

2·And third, who will issue the monetary base?

第三、谁来发行基础货币？

3·However, the monetary base is a part of the money supply.

然而，货币基础仅是货币供应的一部分。

4·Therefore, the structure of monetary base influences the money supply as well.

这说明高能货币的结构也会影响货币供给。

5·Japan's monetary base rose 85 percent between 1997 and 2003; deflation continued apace.

1997年至2003年，日本的基础货币增长了85%，与此同时，通货却持续紧缩。

6·Since the BoJ abandoned quantitative easing in March, Japan's monetary base has withered.

因为日本银行三月放弃“定量放松”(quantitative easing)，日本的金融基础已经枯萎。

7·The Fed pumped up the monetary base (currency plus bank reserves), but broader measures are growing slowly.

联储随为基础货币(货币加银行储备)注水，但用于作为QE支撑的广义指标增速却不高。

8·That increases the monetary base (cash and commercial-bank reserves) but not necessarily the broad-money supply (cash and deposits).

这增加了货币基数[注3](现金和商业银行准备金)，但不一定会增加广泛货币供应量(现金和存款)。

9·Any further increases in the monetary base will either be held in bank vaults or held as cash by individuals and firms, without being spent.

基础货币方面无论怎么再增加都会要么被银行金库吸纳，要么被个人或企业以现金方式所持有，而不会被花出去。

10·The Swiss monetary base is almost 50% of GDP (the equivalent figure for America is 18%), although inflation remains subdued at 0.2% in August.

尽管八月的通胀率被控制在0.2%，瑞士的基础货币达到GDP的50%(美国只到GDP的18%)。