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1·To sum up, the sense formation and extension of the spatial preposition is motivated by the image schema, which also provides the root and prime power for metonymic and metaphorical extensions.

简言之，空间介词义项的形成和扩展以意象图式为源泉，意象图式为转喻和隐喻提供了基础和原动力。

2·The cognitive mechanisms hidden behind the meaning extension, namely, the metaphorical and metonymic thinking, are intend to explore.

试图对隐藏于词义扩展背后的认知机制——隐喻和转喻思维进行探究。