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1·Gum disease can be treated by a special dentist called a periodontist.

牙周病可由特殊的牙周病医师来治疗。

2·Treatment of deep circumferential bony defects around the mandibular secondary molars is a great challenge to periodontist.

治疗下颚第二大臼齿远心侧的环绕型骨性破坏，是牙周病科医师的一大挑战。

3·In one technique, called pocket depth reduction, the periodontist folds back the gum tissue, removes the bacteria, and secures the tissue into place so that it fits more tightly around the teeth.

在一种叫做翻瓣术的手术，牙周病医师翻起牙龈组织，清除细菌，保证组织回到原位置，让它和牙齿贴合更紧密。

4·Smokers get periodontal disease at two to three times the rate of nonsmokers, says Sally Cram, DDS, a periodontist in Washington, D.C., and a consumer advisor for the American Dental Association.

“吸烟者牙周炎的患病率是非吸烟者的2到3倍”，Sally Cram说。他是华盛顿特区的牙周病专家，也是美国牙齿美容协会的消费者顾问。