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1·Modern voltage references are constructed using the energy - band - gap voltage of integrated transistors, buried zener diodes, and junction field - effect transistors.

现代电压基准建立于使用集成晶体管和带状能隙基准、掩埋齐纳二极体和结场效应晶体管。

2·The sulfides can refine the microstructure due to their pinning effect, and the reefing effect shows Zener relation.

硫化物组织细化的原因是作为第二相粒子钉扎晶界，硫化物颗粒细化组织满足Zener关系。