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1·This article concerns the shadow cost concept and discusses the relationship between shadow cost and dual price according to linear programmings economic meaning of dual variable and shadow price.

本文根据线性规划问题对偶变量和影子价格的经济意义，给出了影子成本的概念，讨论了影子成本与对偶价格的关系。

2·So perhaps Facebook will pay a higher price than it expects for its dual structure.

因此，或许Facebook会为它的双层结构付出比它预计的更高的代价。

3·Several want to narrow the Fed’s dual mandate to curb inflation and maintain full employment to a single goal of price stability.

甚至有些人提出应将美联储抑制通胀、保持就业的双重任务削减为单一的稳定物价。

4·Willingness of vendors to offer fixed-price contracts or dual-currency pricing.

卖方愿意签订合同固定价格，或是采取双币定价措施。

5·In contrast with expensive platinum or gold, silver obtain the dual function of currency and jewelry decorations, with lower price and fine features of precious metal.

针对于价格昂贵的铂金和黄金，银饰以其较低的价格，优良的贵金属特质，获得了货币和首饰装饰的双重功能。

6·A clearing price is directly obtained from the dual solution of market optimization in standard pricing.

经典定价理论认为，市场出清价格应确定为市场优化问题的对偶解。

7·Tourism resource value has its dual character, which makes the price of admission tickets in scenic spots, a common problem of economics, turn into a difficult topic.

旅游资源价值的二重性，使旅游景点门票价格一个普通的经济学问题变成一个两难选择课题。

8·In the meantime, the dual ratchet effect of consumer demand and price level triggers stable rise in real consumer demand, and the wealth effect strengthens the trend.

同时，消费需求与物价水平的“双棘轮效应”促使实际消费需求稳步增长，“财富效应”强化了消费需求增长趋势。

9·The optimal solution of the original problem was not certainly the optimal shadow price of its dual problem when the optimal extreme directions of the original problem were in existence.

并研究了原问题的最优解和对偶问题的最优影子价格的关系，当原问题有最优极方向时，它的最优解不一定是对偶问题的最优影子价格。

10·The result shows that supplier should adopt different wholesale price contract under single and dual channel for coordination supply chain.

结果表明，供应商在单渠道和双渠道情况下，需采用不同的批发价契约实现供应链的协调。