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1·In the feedback controller design, a proportional controller is used to regulate the output error of piezoelectric actuators.

在反馈控制器中比例控制器用来调节压电作动器的输出误差。

2·The PI observer has two feedback loops, a proportional loop and an integral loop of the estimation error; in this way, the PI observer can estimate not only the states but also the unknown inputs.

该观测器包含有估计误差的比例和积分回路，可同时得到状态和未知输入估计。

3·Then a new controller named proportional resonant (pr) controller was introduced in the current control. It could track the current reference without steady error.

在论文并网控制部分中，作者通过使用一种新型比例谐振控制器(PR)实现了对单相逆变器并网电流的无误差控制。

4·This error in position is proportional to the depth of water, and is independent of the size of sand particles.

这个误差和水深成正比而和泥沙颗粒的大小无关。

5·Otherwise, it should be checked from one known point to another with proportional anti-symbol allocation between closing error and the length of side.

否则，应从一已知点出发测至另一已知点以资校核，此时其闭合差应与导线边长成正比反符号进行分配。