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1·Conclusion Ureteral stent is a factor for causing obstruction in normal ureter.

结论对正常的上尿路，内支架是一个梗阻因素。

2·Our findings reveal that the presence of a ureteral stent is associated with an increase in the risk of PVN.

我们的发现提示输尿管支架管的存在和发生PV N风险提高相关。

3·Objective To evaluate the role of double J ureteral stent in the management of upper urinary tract diseases.

目的为了探讨双J管内引流在上尿路疾病中的应用效果。

4·The traditional ureteral stent had been widely used in urological surgery since it was first developed in 1967.

非降解性输尿管内支架管自1967年问世以来，广泛应用于常规的上尿路手术。

5·Objective To explore the effects of ureteral stent placement on ureteral peristalsis and the time course of renal pelvic pressure changes.

目的探讨输尿管内支架对兔输尿管蠕动和肾盂压的影响及随时间的变化。

6·Purpose: to assess the advantage of urine drainage by double J ureteral stent or by percutaneous indwelling stent for upper urinary lithotomy.

目的：比较上尿路取石术后置内支架引流与外支架引流的优劣。

7·Results Balloon catheter dilatation was performed in 6 cases. DoubleJ ureteral stent was successfully placed in 18 cases, and failure to success in 1 case due to tortuous ureter.

结果18例成功放置双j管行内引流，1例因输尿管上段高度纡曲狭窄置管失败，6例行单纯球囊扩张。

8·Objective To explore the prevention, diagnosis and management of ureteral injury in complicated pelvic surgery with double-J stent.

目的总结探讨双j支架管用于盆腔复杂手术中输尿管损伤的预防和诊治经验。

9·Objective To explore the effect of single-J stent on reducing ureteral complication in kidney transplantation.

目的探讨肾移植术中放置单j管对降低输尿管并发症的作用。

10·Objective: To evaluate the application and effect of Double-J ureteric stent in ureteral strictures.

目的探讨双J管支架在输尿管狭窄中的应用和疗效。