tragedy/adversity/calamity/catastrophe/disaster/misfortune.导航词义：悲剧，灾难

1. tragedy:n. 悲剧性事件，惨剧.指因有人死亡而令人震惊的不幸事件。

Mother's sudden death was a tragedy to the family.

母亲的突然去世对全家是一个极大的不幸。

The tragedy he mentioned took place in March.

他提到的那一悲惨事件发生在3月。

The tragedy occurred during the earthquake when four people of the same family were killed.

地震中悲剧发生了，一家人中有四个丧命。

2. adversity:n. 逆境，不幸.指困难重重或不走运的境况。

The others were greatly inspired by his courage in the face of adversity.

他面对逆境的勇气极大地鼓舞了其他人。

He is always ready to deal with adversity.

他时刻准备着去应对逆境。

3. calamity:n. 灾难，祸患.指意外发生的、造成重大损失的灾祸，语气强于 disaster，侧重于悲痛的心情；有时也指个人的不幸， 多为幽默用语。

It will be a calamity for farmers if it keeps raining.

如果雨一直下个不停，将会给农民带来灾难。

The flood brought calamities to the local people.

洪水给当地民众带来了巨大灾难。

The marriage proved to be the greatest calamity of her life.

事实证明这桩婚姻是她一生中最大的不幸。

It will be a calamity if I fail my English exam.

这次英语考试我要是通不过就惨了。

4. catastrophe:n. 重大灾难；大祸.语气最强，指造成破坏、死亡的可怕灾难，强调最终的结局；也可指极为麻烦的局面或悲惨的结局。

Food is required immediately to avert a humanitarian catastrophe.

急需食物以避免一场人道主义灾难。

The forest fire was a catastrophe.

那场森林火灾是个大灾难。

The natural catastrophe dealt a heavy blow to this country's economy.

这场自然灾害给该国经济带来了严重的打击。

If the project is cancelled, it will be a catastrophe for all of the companies concerned.

如果该项目取消，对所有相关公司将是个灾难。

5. disaster:n. 灾难，灾祸.普通用词，通常指各类人为或自然的灾祸，如核泄漏、洪水、暴风雪等。

The plane flew through the clouds in time and a disaster was narrowly averted.

飞机及时地飞过了云层，侥幸避免了一场灾难。

The oil spill was a disaster for sea animals.

那次石油泄漏对海洋动物是一场灾难。

The conference turned out to be a complete disaster.

大会最终搞得一团糟。

They overcame the natural disaster and even had a bumper harvest.

他们战胜了自然灾害，甚至还获得了大丰收。

6. misfortune:n. 不幸，灾祸.多指较为严重的不幸，强调多由厄运或外界因素所致。

The climbers had the misfortune of running into a snowslide, but no one got hurt.

登山队员不幸遇到雪崩，但没有人受伤。

She is distressed by misfortune.

厄运使她忧伤。

We had the misfortune to run into a violent storm.

我们不幸遭遇了猛烈的暴风雨。

Misfortune befell me when I was still young.

我年纪还很小的时候就遭到了不幸。

全部

1·Two days later tragedy struck.

两天后悲剧发生了。《牛津词典》

2·The whole affair ended in tragedy.

整个事件以悲剧而告终。《牛津词典》

3·Instead of tragedy, we got melodrama.

我们看到的是情节剧，而不是悲剧。《牛津词典》

4·The play owes much to French tragedy.

这部戏颇受法国悲剧的影响。《牛津词典》

5·The tragedy resounded around the world.

悲剧的反响波及全世界。《牛津词典》

6·The incident could have ended in tragedy.

这个事件原本可能以悲剧告终。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

7·The story has elements of tragedy and farce.

这个故事含有悲剧和闹剧的成分。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

8·It was a tragedy that darkened his later life.

这场悲剧给他后来的岁月蒙上了阴影。《牛津词典》

9·They have suffered an enormous personal tragedy.

他们遭受了一场巨大的个人灾难。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

10·They were trying to prevent an even worse tragedy.

他们正在设法避免更大的悲剧发生。《牛津词典》

悲剧

1·The whole affair ended in tragedy.

整个事件以悲剧而告终。《牛津词典》

2·The play owes much to French tragedy.

这部戏颇受法国悲剧的影响。《牛津词典》

3·Instead of tragedy, we got melodrama.

我们看到的是情节剧，而不是悲剧。《牛津词典》

4·The tragedy resounded around the world.

悲剧的反响波及全世界。《牛津词典》

5·The story has elements of tragedy and farce.

这个故事含有悲剧和闹剧的成分。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

灾难

1·They have suffered an enormous personal tragedy.

他们遭受了一场巨大的个人灾难。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

2·What I have seen is terrible, he said. this is the first and worst tragedy of this kind here in Hungary.

“我看到的一切都让人触目惊心”他说道，“这是匈牙利有史以来第一次也是最为严重的灾难。”

3·This is a tragedy since every company I work with is absolutely starved for talent.

这是一个灾难，我工作过的每家公司都绝对地缺乏人才。

4·As we contemplate the great number of people who have died in this tragedy, we may feel very strongly that we ourselves, in some part or manner, also have died.

当我们在考虑有多少人在灾难中遇难的时候，我们可能强烈的感受到我们自己在某些部分或方式上也已经死亡。

5·The explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig last week in the Gulf of Mexico was without question a human tragedy.

毫无疑问，上周墨西哥海湾深水地平线石油钻塔发生爆炸无疑是人类的灾难。

惨剧

1·Counselling is being given to those most immediately affected by the tragedy.

目前正在向惨剧的最直接受害者提供辅导服务。《牛津词典》

2·Not only our children and grandchildren, but all future generations should not have to go through this tragedy.

不，不仅是我们的子辈孙辈，将来所有的孩子们都不该经历这种惨剧。

3·They spoke eloquently of their shock and sadness and horror at the tragedy (see article).

他们滔滔不绝地表达对这一惨剧的震惊、悲伤和恐惧之情。

4·The tragedy has once again focused attention on the dangers of mining.

这次惨剧的发生再一次让人们关注采矿业的危险。

5·The rebuilding continues at ground zero in Lower Manhattan, turning the scene of a tragedy into a symbol of renewal.

重建工程于曼哈顿的归零地继续着，将幕幕惨剧转变成了新生的象征。

惨案

1·Every week serves up a new tragedy or outrage to be added to the pile of evidence.

每个星期都有新的惨案或暴行给一大堆佐证这种思潮的证据再添一桩。

2·Nonetheless, when an almost unimaginable tragedy strikes, such as the tragedy at Virginia Tech in 2007, all of us are deeply affected.

虽然如此，当一场难以想象的灾祸袭来，比如2007年的弗吉尼亚理工大学惨案，我们所有人都深受触动。

3·Condoleezza Rice, the secretary of state, was visibly shaken after the tragedy in Qana where at least 28 civilians, half of them children, were killed by Israeli bombs.

在Oana的惨案发生后（以军的炸弹造成28名平民死亡，半数是儿童），国务卿赖斯明显的动摇了；

4·The tragedy at Newtown, Connecticut had, he said, awakened the conscience of the country and it was important not to be put off by the complexity of the task.

他说，康涅狄格州纽镇的惨案惊醒了全国人民，而不让这件任务的复杂性来影响行动很重要。

5·Students at Virginia Tech head back to class today but once again they're coping with tragedy.

今天回校上课的维吉尼亚理工大学的学生们又遭遇惨案。