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1·The negative value of solute potential of a solution means if a solution is separated from pure water by a selectively permeable membrane.

溶质势的负值表示若某溶液与纯水被一选透膜分隔，水会由水势较高的纯水进入该溶质。

2·Osmosis is a natural phenomenon of water through the membrane to high solute concentration from low solute concentration on one side, until the solvent chemical potential balance.

渗透是一种自然现象：水通过半透膜，从低溶质浓度一侧到高溶质浓度一侧，直到溶剂化学位达到平衡。

3·Active transport The use of energy to move a solute across a membrane against a concentration gradient, a potential gradient, or both (electrochemical potential) . Uphill transport.

主动吸收：亦称代谢吸收。指细胞直接利用能量做功，逆着电化学势梯度吸收离子的过程。